Hydrophobic Hot Cocoa
Approximate time to complete: 5-10 minutes + questions and journal time
Materials & Experiment Card
- Cocoa Powder
- Milk
- Bowl or Cup
- Spoon
- Toothpick
Click below to download and print this experiment card:
About This Activity
This experiment is an exciting way to dive deeper into some of the chemistry and physics principles you learned in Combining and Separating … and it’s tasty too!
You’ll Learn
- What hydrophobicity is.
Pre-Activity Questions
- Do you think cocoa powder and milk like each other?
- Can you combine cocoa powder and milk?
- If you think you can, would the combination be a mixture, a suspension, or a solution?
Procedure
- Fill your bowl or cup with milk so that it is deep enough to fully dunk your spoon in.
- Get a heaping spoonful of cocoa powder.
- Carefully dunk your spoonful of cocoa powder into the milk. Does the cocoa powder mix in, or stay on the spoon?
- Take the spoon out. What do you notice? Is the cocoa powder wet or dry?
- Poke the pile of cocoa powder with your toothpick. What happened? Can you explain it?
Optional Extension
We know particles have different properties at different temperatures. How would heat affect the outcome of this experiment? Try heating up your milk and then trying the experiment again. Try mixing cocoa powder with cold milk, and then warm milk. Does cocoa powder mix more easily with cold milk or warm milk?
Questions & Further Research
- What happened when you dunked the cocoa powder in the milk?
- What happened when you poked it with a toothpick?
- Is the combination of cocoa powder and milk a mixture, a suspension, or a solution?
- Do you think cocoa powder and milk like each other? How do you think this experiment works?
- Extension: research how cocoa powder gets from the cacao tree into our grocery stores.
Answers
The cocoa powder should have been covered with milk:
The milk should have quickly fallen off of the cocoa powder:
The combination is a suspension – like the water and chalk powder (CaCO3) you saw in the video: Combining Particles.
In this lesson, we talk about how some particles like each other and stay close together, some particles might touch each other if they are close but can be easily pulled apart, and some particles will do anything they can to make sure they stay away from each other.
When a substance WANTS to be near water molecules, we call it hydrophilic, meaning water-loving. When a substance does NOT WANT to be near water molecules, we call it hydrophobic, meaning water-repelling.
Can you think of a substance that is hydrophobic? You may have seen one in The First Great Lesson.
Oil! Oil and water do not mix. Oil repels water. Oil is hydrophobic. The fat molecules inside cocoa powder are hydrophobic too. They repel water.
On the other hand, the starch molecules are hydrophilic. They love water.
Milk is mostly water, so the same rules are true for milk.
When you dunk the cocoa powder in milk, the starch molecules quickly absorb the milk. At the same time, the fat molecules stop the milk from getting any further than the surface. This creates a shell of milk around the outside of the cocoa powder.
When you poke it with a toothpick, you break the shell’s surface tension. The milk rolls off the cocoa powder, and back down into the cup.
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